Written by Zhang Junjie
[Abstract]
Under the premise of adhering to the laws of the development of education and absorbing the experience from the past and the present, a flow of thought of the new century is designed as the follows:
1.Establishing the new educational guiding thought :teacher as a guide, students are subject
2.Probation and promotion of annual three-semester system
3.Set up regional experimental center of education(including audio-visual education program and books)
4.Establishing a system of optimized compound of perfect educational resources in the macro-regulation
I: The socialization of post qualifications and education of professional titles;
Ii: The trial allocation system of country’s educational funds according to students’ Credits of compulsory education .
[Keyword] conception of education, education system, guidance, subject, experimenting center, optimized resource.

Conception of Education in the New Century
Written by Zhang Junjie

It has been accepted increasingly by human beings to popularize education and foster the creative working talents, related with human advance and the development of national economy. Investigating the current internal and external situation of education, drawing a lesson and accumulating the ancient and contemporary experience, it is essential that the new century's education is to follow the developing rules. It is only establishing the "multiple-open" style educating system that could make it possible to achieve the grand goal of modernization of education.
The renewal of educating guiding ideas signifies the radical translation of education reform. In the spontaneous emergence of education, education, characterized by open, various and creative, has no stereotyped fixed form. The modernization of education that originated from the 17th century caused a shackle that fetter the education itself while it was advancing rapidly and showed a tendency to close, unite and obey. At the high tide of the world's new technical revolution, the renewal of knowledge marches at a very high speed. Unprecedentedly, more and more knowledgeable talents with the ability of exploration are needed early in the development of national economy. According to the requirements of new century education development, proceeding from this fact that the population is very large and economic base is weak, a train of thought of new century's education is attempted to be summarized as follows:
Ⅰ.Establishing the new educational guiding thought:
The teacher acts as a guide who guides the students' studies, and the students are the principal part in the mutual activities of teaching and learning.
For 300 years, education in the whole world almost has been a system of administrative management. Whether public or private, principals supervise instructors, or instructors supervise students, feudal autocracy is deep-rooted in school managing system, which even develops into servile education, that is to say, just as a servant behaves, education belongs to the third industry, mechanism of serving the trainee, not a official-ruling model. New century education aims at translating the school into a base for training various talents, just as let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, by means of self-study and education democratic measures. As for the guiding thought, we should break the old teacher-orientated idea, and make sure the serving idea that the teacher acts as a guide in the process of instruction, it is only the teachers actively gives full play to guiding role that could establish the major part of knowledge and practice, and wholly arise the students' subjective initiative of exploiting their own latent abilities, which will appear a vivid new phase of active learning. The transformation of education guiding thought will no doubt lead to the great development of the system of education, meanwhile, stimulate the innovation of course-planning and of educating methods. Therefore, it could be assigned that the formation of educational guiding thought is the key point of creating the new century education.

Ⅱ.Probation and promotion of annual three-semester system:
Ancient education was successive and in progress freely. Since the establishment of class education system, the singular two-semester system (summer & winter vocation) has lasted to nowadays. However, in terms of requirements of social progress in the times, education advances rather inadequately, and education funds and teachers are severely scarce. All the things considered, this system actually causes the tremendous prodigality in labor power, financial resources and time, and gets education stuck in predicament, as if thousands of soldiers and battle steeds rush to go through a narrow bridge at the same time. This new semester system means a school year is divided into three semesters, each consisting of four months, the school teaching work doesn't break off all year long. Annually, teachers and students could work and study successively in the school, including working in turn in the factory attached to school and in the farm, also could either spend holidays, travel, writing or take up other research and practice activities. In such case, compound with the present educational system, the rate of utility of teaching facilities, containing school buildings and experimental apparatus, will be increased by 1/2 at least, and the number of expanding enrollment will become enormous, and educational expense will be cut down immensely. Energetic and capable teachers could work on continuously, which will enhance income by1/2 (original amount of work remain the same),in the meantime, accomplish more as mush as 1/2 amount of teaching work, equal to being increased by half of excellent teachers. Healthy and extra-witted teenagers also can go ahead with their studies unceasingly, so the school time will be shortened by1/3 (graduation time will be five years in advance), which can be spent scaling new heights in science or participating in social practice. This innovation will greatly economize on manpower, financial resources and valuable time, and expand the opportunities of education owned by the whole people. Consequently all this certainly leads to a variety of lively category of education, and mitigate the deficiency, especially accommodating the requirements of development of our education and economic advancing rapidly.

Ⅲ.Set up regional experimental center of education: (including audio-visual educational program and books)
The multiple of education and interdependence and inter-promotion between education and enterprises inevitably initiate the competition of education and push on it into market, which is the objective law. Education is supposed to serve market economy. Because of the sociality of education demands and sluggishness of utility caused by education, education, first of all achieve social benefit, taking account of economic benefit, macro-regulated by national policies, and public schools should be domain position. Market competition of education requires that education be pluralized and that all kinds of schools run by the local people grow vigorously. However, investigating the current situation of educational development, we obviously find that the schools run by the local people advance inadequately, mainly the insufficiency of financial resources of the people of private industry and commerce, and of financial strength of experienced educational experts to buy the necessary "hardware" of the school, particularly, for the physical chemical and biological experimental equipment, each of which will cost thousands of RMB YUAN, which unavoidably becomes an obstacle of building he local school. The shortage of experimental equipment is very common, all the same in the rural state-run school, and this phenomenon is terribly affecting the improvement of quality of general education in primary and high schools. The financial resources of our country estimated, it is greatly hard to reduce the items of economic construction by means of a large amount of governmental allocation. All the schools in urban and rural areas considered, it is shown clearly that teaching instruments are incomplete and dispersed, and for some key schools, equipment are of high expense, low efficiency. For this reasons, my viewpoint is to put high-tech equipment of all the schools together to improve necessary accessories and set up divided educational experiment center, managed by serving economic entity. Moreover, to make overall plans and taking all factors into consideration and open charter business of experimental equipment for various levels of schools. In this way, experiment will be made full use of reasonably, items of experiments increased and classified completely, which will be rather favorable to improve the teaching quality universally of primary and high schools. In the education center, non-gratuitous service is available, funds could be accumulated and renewed constantly, and equipment expanded, the new superseding the old itself leads to beneficial circle, even directly offers service to local industry and agriculture. Above all, depending on the educational experiment center will surely solve the difficulties that educational experts construct the experimental equipment of the schools by the local people, which will comply with the trend of the times and march continuously to form colorful educational entities. In national laws and regulations and macro-control, equal competition and survival of the fittest are carried on, so as to further teaching reform effectively and optimize teaching management, strongly promote the improvement of teaching quality of the whole society and unceasing high-speed development of national economy.

Ⅳ.Establish a system of optimized compound of perfect educational resources in the macro-regulation:
After the school setup of educational multiple comes into being, the starting and operating of educational resources optimized compound mainly depend upon the healthy and orderly flow between teachers and students in the course of education.
(i)The socialization of post qualifications and evaluation of professional titles
It demands that educational administrative sections of all levels consult normal colleges and teaching institutions for scientific research jointly to form evaluating committees of teachers' qualification and professional titles, which cater to the public and deal with applications non-gratuitously, and organize level evaluation of teachers' professional theory and vocational capability. The evaluation of teachers' qualification not only relies on educational background and diplomas, but more on professional comprehensive qualities, most of all is to pay much attention to the evaluation of ability of professional practice. We advocate teaching style of combining liberal arts and science, and encourage teachers to be versatile by hand, also by brain, and allow the trans-regional and trans-professional interflow of talents. With regard to evaluation and promotion of teachers' professional titles, evaluation and appointment of titles and posts go ahead respectively, unlimited by the number and time of school posts, which merely depends upon actual achievements, teaching capability and level of scientific research. We should organize public and fair investigation and appraisal, especially laying emphasis on the evaluation of teachers' professional ethics and creative ability of educational scientific research. Appraisal of teachers' qualification for posts and professional titles is supposed to have national levels, which are relatively steady and united, instead of accommodating to different regions, schools or people. An objective examining system that contains itemized democratic evaluation and accumulation of score to the standard should be implemented, which is to greatly stimulate teachers' pioneering and enterprising subjective initiative.
(ii)Trial allocation system of country's educational funds according to students' cards of compulsory education
Limited optimized make-up of educational funds must have dynamic foundation that objectively reflects school's teaching achievements. Grass-root educational administrative management sections check the school-age teenagers in the area under its jurisdiction according to census register and send students' certificates of compulsory education to the guardian, by means of which tuition fee could be reduced by half when students chose schools. Educational administrative sections examine and approve the certificates, and distribute educational expenditure according to the number of certificates and rate of qualification of teaching quality. To meet the needs of social progress and economic development, it' s essential to expand the time of compulsory education and gradually increase the educational expenditure and reduce the burden of students' tuition until free general compulsory education is put into practice. This way, whether public or private, all the schools only depending upon themselves to improve educational management and quality could attract students to strive for existence and expansion, and is favorable to the popularity of compulsory education and the improvement of qualities of the entire people. The number of staff members and duties is fixed. The teachers of high professional titles, who are concentrated in the schools, will nationally flow to the countryside schools with bad condition. The flow of enrollment in the same schools or regions definitely demonstrates the whole levels and achievements of running schools, thereby to accomplish the optimized set-up of educational resources.

The probe into the reform of educational system involves massive and complicated problems. If it isn't put into practice until we try to have perfect theory and system, we will never advance any more. We can learn from the long-time practice and thought of education that as long as we persist in emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts and keep the general goal in sight and take the daily tasks in hand, under the premise of solving concrete existing problems, we shall accumulate experience and open up the future, and create a way that no one stepped previously on the basis of incessant innovation and practice. Brand new theory will appear where there is no ready theory, also, many methods that conform to the educational development, will form relatively new system. We are eager to expect vast quantity of teachers to strike the tide of teaching innovation of education for the construction of modernization and make unremitting efforts to improve themselves, just as the saying goes: one is sure of himself to be able to make greater contribution and lays profound influence for the sake of future generations in the very brief life. The new century's education seems like a rising sun flaming in the eastern sky. We ought to raise our arms and shout, forging ahead courageously, "sail straight up into the sea"!

Drafted in January, 1993
Revised by Lake HongZe Nov.1, 1999