An Amusing Remark on Perpetual Motion Machine (New Fable of Scientific Exploration)[2]
② [The first round] (the definition of Brownian perpetual motion machine agrees with the definition of perpetual motion machine of the first category...) Continue
【The first round: Another conversation between tiny particles as con and Mr. Negation Theory of First Type of Perpetual Motion Machine as pros 】Continue
【The pros: 】You are supposed to show experiment materials with calculative data to verify so-called the perpetual motion machine!
【The cons:】Please look at the brief illustration about " Brownian perpetual motion machine experiment " and the result of calculation:
【Experiment 】In a thermostatical environment horizontally lies a sealed vertical glass tube with 4L long containing water. Slowly put a kind of powder uneasy to subside and of a mass as M into the sole hole on the upper of the middle part of the tube. The powder is spreading constantly because of Brownian movement (average acceleration of the particle movement is a).
【Question】Calculate approximate value W of useful work of water to powder when powder is well-distributed in water and forms suspending liquid after being scattered.
[Solution:] In order to calculate approximate value of useful work, we can use L as displacement average value of work of water to particles
∵average received force of a certain particle: f=ma (m is quality of the particle)
∴work of water to the particle: w=fL=maL
We can get useful work approximate value : W≈MaL(this value is far smaller than real total work value)
From the experiment we can know: In thermal equilibrium water does not absorb heat from outside(Q=0) all the time, and there is no internal energy increment (△E =0). But its approximate value of useful work to powder particles spreading to state of suspending liquid is: W≈MaL. After that water can still make work in particles to keep its Brownian movement. Actual work value of water to particles is: A'＞W≈MaL. Each particle is like ultra-mini car that can run safely forever, its mileage increases rapidly as time goes on. Hence, certainly: A' →∞. This experiment fact conforms to the definition of the perpetual motion machine of the first category (one kind of machine that does not consume any energy but can work forever). Namely, it is one of instances of the perpetual motion machine of the first category, therefore can be called Brownian perpetual motion machine
【The pros:】In classical physics the heat movement phenomena of micro particles such as molecules and atoms are not considered as working process.
【The cons:】It is specified in physics that macro-objects are generally referred to as the objects with a spatial measurement larger than 10-6~10-4cm and that the Brownian particles whose diameters may exceed that can be taken as macro-objects. Other relevant data also tell us: [Every tiny object such as the little mirror on the sensitive galvanometer will incessantly make irregular vibrations around its balanced position even if it is stricken by the surrounding medium of molecules (like air). Thus, the sensitivity of many instruments is constrained from improving.] In other words, Brownian perpetual motion machine must produce certain effects when the diameter of a Brownian particle greatly exceeds that of a macro-object (10-4cm) or even that of a little mirror. In fact, the vibration of little mirrors on the sensitive instruments coincides with the effects of perpetual motion machine defined by the perpetual motion machine of the first category, which can be considered as another example of the perpetual motion machine of the first category.
【The pros:】The phenomenon you have just said is:【the process during which Brownian particles are forced to produce power in an isolated water system with a thermal equilibrium.】Regarding the definition of the perpetual motion machine of the first category, such a phenomenon should be a proof of a standard perpetual motion machine. But how come a phenomenon occurs that goes against the first principle of thermodynamics? You may meet our respectable Mr. First Principle of Thermodynamics. As for my friend Mr. Negation of Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Category., would you like to meet him too?
【The cons:】 Thank you for your hospitable reception! I feel greatly surprised that you can present the phenomenon of Brownian perpetual motion machine in such simple and concise words. Today we have arrived at this conclusion:【Brownian perpetual motion machine complies with the definition of the perpetual motion machine of the first category!】You are always welcome to contact me and discuss new problems together. I feel a great honor to be introduced by you! I think now I shall meet your friend Mr. Negation of perpetual motion machine of the second category.
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